The United Kingdom (Week 5)

Jonathan Caldwell
05/11/25 - Sunday Morning Bible Study

David and Saul (1)
1 Samuel 16-21
 

David Anointed as King - 1 Samuel 16
vv 1-5 – Samuel Sent to Jesse
vv 6-11 – None of Jesse’s Sons
vv 12-13 – David, the Youngest
vv 14-23 – David Taken into Saul’s Service
 

“Seeing” in Samuel

1 Samuel 9:2 – a physical description of Saul
1 Samuel 9:9 – a historical note about prophets and “seers”
1 Samuel 9:16 – “for I have seen my people”
1 Samuel 9:17 – “when Samuel saw Saul”
1 Samuel 9:19 – “I am the seer”
1 Samuel 10:24 – “Do you see him whom the Lord has chosen” with an emphasis on Saul’s appearance
1 Samuel 16:1 – “for I have provided for myself a king” = same root word as seen
1 Samuel 10:24 – “do not look on his outward appearance…For the Lord sees not as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the heart.”
 

David and Goliath - 1 Samuel 17
vv 1-11 – Single Combat: Goliath
vv 12-18 – Jesse Sends David 
vv 19-30 – David Inquires of Goliath
vv 31-40 – David Offers to Fight
vv 41-54 – David Defeats Goliath
vv 55-58 – Saul Inquires of David
 

An Issue of Chronology

1 Samuel 16:14-23 – David taken into Saul’s service (18-19)
1 Samuel 17:55-58 – David introduces himself to Saul
Scripture is concerned more with theology than chronology
It has been argued that chapter 17 actually happened before 16
Why would the writer place 16 first?
To emphasize that God was concerned with David’s heart
The first note about David is that he is the youngest/smallest
The second note is about David being with the sheep
It is only in the third note that we get a physical description
What happens if the introduction to David is his killing Goliath?
 

Saul and David as Frenemies - 1 Samuel 18
vv 1-5 – David and Jonathan
vv 6-9 – Saul’s Jealousy
vv 10-11 – Saul Tries to Kill David
vv 12-16 – David as Saul’s Commander
vv 17-19 – David and Merab
vv 20-29 – David and Michal
v 30 – David’s Success and Popularity
 

Everyone Except Saul - 1 Samuel 19
vv 1-7 – Jonathan Intervenes for David
vv 8-10 – Saul Tries to Kill David (Again)
vv 11-17 – Michal Intervenes for David
vv 18-24 – God Intervenes for David
 

Jonathan and David - 1 Samuel 20
vv 1-11 – Jonathan and David’s Discussion
vv 12-17 – Jonathan and David’s Covenant
vv 18-23 – Jonathan and David’s Plan
vv 24-34 – Saul’s Reaction
vv 35-42 – Jonathan and David Separate
 

David on the Run -1 Samuel 21
vv 1-2 – David’s Lie
vv 3-6 – Supplies: The Showbread
v 7 – Doeg the Edomite
vv 8-9 – Supplies: Goliath’s Sword
vv 10-15 – David Flees to Gath